Buying into a Poor Curriculum

Buying into a Poor Curriculum Free Online Research Papers It is a common rationale that because children are the future, the welfare and education of our children should be and will be of the utmost importance. Yet, since the birth of our country, there has never been a consensus on any aspect of our public education system. Our constitution makes no mention of education, except for the 10th amendment, which relegates power to the states to govern their own respective system.(Pulliam, Van Patten pg. 122) Unfortunately, federal policies continue to be enacted which, despite good intentions, often negatively affect public education at all levels. The latest legislation to do so is the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† Act, which enacts theories of standards-based education reform. On the surface, the use of standardized testing may seem to be the solution to ensure quality education to all children. But shortcomings have been identified and now debate is as fervent as ever. The â€Å"No Child Left Behind† Act of 2002 (NCLB) is basically a reauthorization of a â€Å"number of federal programs aiming to improve the performance of U.S. primary and secondary schools by increasing the standards of accountability for states, school districts and schools, as well as providing parents more flexibility in choosing which schools their children will attend.† I believe standardized testing is the chief problem and agree with James Ryan of New York University that the NCLB is â€Å"at war with itself.†(Ryan 2004) Not only has testing proven to worsen the problems of racial equality, teacher shortages, it also has lowered actual lowered academic achievement by giving incentive for a devastating curriculum in the classroom. Actually, testing is not the real problem. The real problem, perpetuated by the NCLB, is the repercussions of not passing the test. The real problem is money. Every individual school board in the country is concerned with funding and its own finances. In order to exist, most are dependent upon federal aid. The NCLB incorporates penalties for showing a lack in proficiency by requiring schools to incur the cost of remediating themselves. If these efforts still due not improve scores, parents may opt to request outside tutoring or to move their child to another school, with the school board picking up the tab for either. This has a snow –balling effect. The schools now have fewer students and are now entitled to less federal per-student aid as well as this transportation expense. In an effort to avoid this, schools have taken a preventative approach. First, the term â€Å"proficient† is very vague and specifically delegated to each state to determine acceptable standards of proficiency by implementing their own tests. Consequently, states are manipulating the test results (South Carolina DOE 2003) by lowering academic expectations of each grade level. Second, elementary school curriculums across the country have been narrowed and have evolved into an elaborate practice test. Ultimately, students are losing out on a well rounded education with cutbacks in physical education, art and music.(Seigel 2007) School officials are under tremendous pressure and held accountable for their school’s performance. There are many critics of the NCLB, all with varying complaints. There is an overwhelming agreement that changes need to be made to the legislation before is reauthorized this year. Amendments suggested all revolve around how to obtain an objective assessment of â€Å"Adequate Yearly Progress†(AYP). Some want to amend the testing and others want to amend the results to not include all students. The latter propose that students who have lived in the country for less than three years and students who have been identified as having a learning disability need not be included.(Lewis 2005) Others propose that there should be no federal legislation at all regarding education. One Education Professor wrote, â€Å"The obvious solution is to reverse roles. Washington should supply unbiased information about student academic performance to states and local districts. It should then be the responsibility of states and local districts to improve performance.†(Ravitch 2007) Th e only real way to fix this legislation, again, boils down to money. In order for the intentions of the legislation to be fully realized, it needs to be fully funded at the federal level. (Ferrandino and Tirozzi 2004) That is not to say that Congress should replace local authority, but only it should provide unconditional aid. Schools would then reimplement a full curriculum. Teachers and other school officials would then return to the business of teaching and not operate in a state of fear. References: 1. Pullman, J.D. Patten, J.V. (2007) History of Education in America. New Jersey: Prentice Hall 2. Ferrandino, V.L. and Tirozzi G. N. (2004) Improving NCLB. Principals’ Perspective. Retrieved October 21, 2007, from naesp.org/ContentLoad.do?contentId=1215. 3. Siegel, D. (2007) High-Stakes Testing and the Status of Physical Education, Journal of Physical Education, Recreation Dance, 78(8), pg. 10. Retrieved October 21, 2007, from Proquest Direct database. 4. Lewis, A. C. (2005) Fixing NCLB Demands, The Education Digest,70(7)pg.69. Retrieved October 21, 2007, from Proquest Direct database. 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Contractual Advice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contractual Advice - Essay Example gal standpoint, the architect is simply the administrator of the contract on behalf of the employer and may not modify or supplement the terms of the contract3, neither does he have the power to create new liabilities and obligations in the parties. Consequently, the architect is considered your employee and delays resulting from his/her side may be attributed to you rather than to the contractor. In this instance, since it is the architect who has required fresh obligations on the part of the contractor which may not have been a part of the original contract; therefore this particular extension of time of two days may have to be allowed. Further, this extension of time will also allow for financial recovery by the contractor. The contractor may be entitled to claim additional costs or loss and expense, because architect caused delays are the responsibility of the employer. I would thus conclude that the delay of time of 2 days caused by the architect requirements will have to be allowed and the contractor may also be entitled to loss and expense. Another cause of delay to the work on the ground floor is the freezing temperatures for three days. Under the JCT contract, it is only unusual or non typical weather conditions that can be grounds for extension of time. A contractor is expected to allow within the contract, some allowance for adverse weather conditions.4 Since the work was taken up in the months of January and February, where adverse weather conditions such as freezing temperatures have been known to occur, some provision should have been made by the contractor in the original contract. The weather records for the past five years or so must be compared to the weather patterns subsisting this year near this particular site and the contractor may be entitled to this extension only if the freezing temperatures are unusual or non typical, as compared to the weather records of previous years. I would also like to clarify that even if the extension is

Classification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classification - Essay Example Offline marketing on the other hand, involves use of media such as television, radio and newspapers for advertising. These are the conventional forms of marketing which companies have been successfully using over the years. Volkswagen has effectively made used of newspaper audio advertisements in emerging economies in its marketing campaigns. Another way of classifying marketing is through who finds whom. When the companies make efforts to reach their potential customers, it is called as outbound marketing. In this type, organizations make efforts to market their products even if customers are not searching for them or just don’t need them. Marketers use tools such as billboards, newsletters, banners and telephone calls to approach the customers. The opposite of outbound marketing is inbound marketing. In this type of marketing, the customers start with a need of a product or service and then look out for companies who can fulfill their requirement. When customers look out for a product or service on a search engine such as Yahoo or Google, the search engine optimization helps in inbound marketing. Similarly, when a person looks to buy a home, he is using this type of marketing. Another way to classify marketing is through the use of marketing methods. When marketers need to send message directly to customers without use of middlemen or third parties, they make use of direct marketing. In this marketing, they make use of tools such as mail marketing, telemarketing and direct selling. In this marketing, the marketer directly faces the customer and hence can easily interpret the success or failure of his product or service and can work on its improvement with other organizational members. Indirect marketing comprises of all other methods which are not direct. Thus, when a company uses Television, Newspapers, advertising agencies and Internet, it is making use of indirect